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Pablo Picasso (25 October 1881 - 8 April 1973)

Pablo Picasso is considered to be one of the most famous painters in the twentieth century. He was born in Malaga, Spain on October 20, 1881. In addition to painting, Picasso was also a printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright. He spent most of his adult life in France.

Early life

Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age. According to his mother, his first words were "piz, piz", a shortening of lápiz , the Spanish word for "pencil". From the age of seven, Picasso received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. On one occasion, the father found his son painting over his unfinished sketch of a pigeon. Observing the precision of his son"s technique, the father felt that the thirteen-year-old Picasso had surpassed him, and vowed to give up painting.

Fame

Picasso grew up to become one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Picasso is now regarded as one of the artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century

Personal life and death

Picasso had affairs with a lot of women and was married twice and had four children, Paulo, Maya, Claude and Paloma by three women. He died on 8 April 1973 in Mougins, France, while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. He was interred at the Chateau of Vauvenargues near Aix-en-Provence, a property he had acquired in 1958 and occupied with Jacqueline between 1959 and 1962. Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral. Devastated and lonely after the death of Picasso, Jacqueline Roque killed herself by gunshot in 1986 when she was 59 years old.

PABLO PICASSO
Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest artists of the 20lh century. He experimented in many different styles and changed the world of art during his time.
Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain in 1881. His father was a drawing teacher. At 10 Pablo became his father"s pupil and at the age of 13 he held his first exhibition. His family moved to Barcelona in 1895 where Pablo joined an art academy. In his early period the young artist painted life as he saw it around him - in cafes and on the streets. Then they moved to Paris, the centre of art and literature.
In 1901 a close friend of Picasso shot himself. This had a great influence on Pablo. He was very sad and began painting his pictures in grey and blue tones instead of bright, vivid colours. This part of his career is called his Blue Period (1901-1904).
Later on, he changed his painting style and started using more earth colours - rose, pink or brown. He liked to paint pictures of circus life with dancers and acrobats. This Rose Period lasted until 1907.
When Picasso started working with his friend and fellow painter Georges Braque in Paris they started experimenting with a new style that was called cubism. Picasso and Braque didn"t want to show nature as it really was. They thought that all objects in nature had geometric forms. In cubism, objects were cut into many flat shapes, which looked like a puzzle. All the sides of a person"s face, for example, were shown at once, maybe even with three eyes instead of two.
In 1936 Civil War broke out in Spain. During this period he painted his masterpiece Guernica. It shows the terrified people of the ancient Spanish town which was bombed during the Civil War. Picasso was shocked by this inhuman act and in his painting he shows people running in the streets and screaming with their mouths wide open. To display his sadness and anger he used only black and white as well as shades of grey.
He continued his work up to his death in 1973. For his great imagination and skill he is called "El Maestro" of modern art.
2. The most famous painting of Picasso is Guernica. Read aloud the extract about it.
3. Where did Picasso learn to paint?
4. Picasso worked in different styles. Which styles are mentioned in the article? What are their typical characteristics?

PABLO PICASSO Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest artists of the 20lh century. He experimented in many different styles and changed the world of art during his time. Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain in 1881. His father was a drawing teacher. At 10 Pablo became his father"s pupil and at the age of 13 he held his first exhibition. His family moved to Barcelona in 1895 where Pablo joined an art academy. In his early period the young artist painted life as he saw it around him - in cafes and on the streets. Then they moved to Paris, the centre of art and literature. In 1901 a close friend of Picasso shot himself. This had a great influence on Pablo. He was very sad and began painting his pictures in grey and blue tones instead of bright, vivid colours. This part of his career is called his Blue Period (1901-1904). Later on, he changed his painting style and started using more earth colours - rose, pink or brown. He liked to paint pictures of circus life with dancers and acrobats. This Rose Period lasted until 1907. When Picasso started working with his friend and fellow painter Georges Braque in Paris they started experimenting with a new style that was called cubism. Picasso and Braque didn"t want to show nature as it really was. They thought that all objects in nature had geometric forms. In cubism, objects were cut into many flat shapes, which looked like a puzzle. All the sides of a person"s face, for example, were shown at once, maybe even with three eyes instead of two. In 1936 Civil War broke out in Spain. During this period he painted his masterpiece Guernica. It shows the terrified people of the ancient Spanish town which was bombed during the Civil War. Picasso was shocked by this inhuman act and in his painting he shows people running in the streets and screaming with their mouths wide open. To display his sadness and anger he used only black and white as well as shades of grey. He continued his work up to his death in 1973. For his great imagination and skill he is called "El Maestro" of modern art. 2. The most famous painting of Picasso is Guernica. Read aloud the extract about it. 3. Where did Picasso learn to paint? 4. Picasso worked in different styles. Which styles are mentioned in the article? What are their typical characteristics?

Определить язык Клингонский Клингонский (pIqaD) азербайджанский албанский английский арабский армянский африкаанс баскский белорусский бенгальский болгарский боснийский валлийский венгерский вьетнамский галисийский греческий грузинский гуджарати датский зулу иврит игбо идиш индонезийский ирландский исландский испанский итальянский йоруба казахский каннада каталанский китайский китайский традиционный корейский креольский (Гаити) кхмерский лаосский латынь латышский литовский македонский малагасийский малайский малайялам мальтийский маори маратхи монгольский немецкий непали нидерландский норвежский панджаби персидский польский португальский румынский русский себуанский сербский сесото словацкий словенский суахили суданский тагальский тайский тамильский телугу турецкий узбекский украинский урду финский французский хауса хинди хмонг хорватский чева чешский шведский эсперанто эстонский яванский японский Клингонский Клингонский (pIqaD) азербайджанский албанский английский арабский армянский африкаанс баскский белорусский бенгальский болгарский боснийский валлийский венгерский вьетнамский галисийский греческий грузинский гуджарати датский зулу иврит игбо идиш индонезийский ирландский исландский испанский итальянский йоруба казахский каннада каталанский китайский китайский традиционный корейский креольский (Гаити) кхмерский лаосский латынь латышский литовский македонский малагасийский малайский малайялам мальтийский маори маратхи монгольский немецкий непали нидерландский норвежский панджаби персидский польский португальский румынский русский себуанский сербский сесото словацкий словенский суахили суданский тагальский тайский тамильский телугу турецкий узбекский украинский урду финский французский хауса хинди хмонг хорватский чева чешский шведский эсперанто эстонский яванский японский Источник: Цель:

Результаты (русский ) 1:

ПАБЛО ПИКАССОПабло Пикассо был одним из величайших художников в 20lh века. Он экспериментировал в разных стилях и изменил мир искусства во время его времени.В 1881 году родился Пабло Пикассо в Малаге, Испания. Его отец был учителем рисования. 10 Пабло стал учеником своего отца и в возрасте 13 лет он провел свою первую выставку. Его семья переехала в Барселону в 1895 году где Пабло присоединился к Академии искусств. В его ранний период молодой художник окрашены жизнь, как он увидел ее вокруг него - в кафе и на улицах. Затем они переехали в Париже, центр искусства и литературы.В 1901 году близкий друг Пикассо застрелился. Это имело большое влияние на Пабло. Он был очень грустно и начал писать его картины в серого и синего тонов вместо яркие, яркие цвета. Эта часть своей карьеры называют его Голубой период (1901-1904).Позже, он изменил его стиль живописи и начал использовать более земли цвета - розовый, розовый или коричневый. Он любил рисовать картины жизни цирка с танцорами и акробатами. Этот Роуз период длился до 1907 года.Когда Пикассо начал работать с его друг и сотрудник художник Жорж Брак в Париже они начали экспериментировать с новым стилем, который назывался кубизма. Пикассо и брака не хочу показать характер, как он действительно был. Они думали, что все объекты в природе геометрических форм. В кубизма объекты были отрезаны в много плоских фигур, которые выглядели как головоломки. Все стороны лицо, например, были продемонстрированы сразу, возможно, даже с тремя глазами вместо двух.В 1936 году началась гражданская война в Испании. В этот период он написал свой шедевр Guernica. Это показывает ужасе люди древней испанский город, который был бомбили во время гражданской войны. Пикассо был потрясен этот бесчеловечный акт, и в его живописи, которую он показывает, что человек работает на улицах и кричать с их широкий рот открыть. Для отображения его печаль и гнев, он использовал только черный и белый, а также оттенки серого.Он продолжал свою работу до его смерти в 1973 году. Для его большой фантазией и мастерством он называется "El Maestro" современного искусства.2. наиболее знаменитая картина Пикассо является Guernica. Читайте вслух выписку о нем.3. где Пикассо научиться рисовать?4. Пикассо работал в разных стилях. Какие стили упоминаются в статье? Каковы их типичные характеристики?

Результаты (русский ) 2:

ПАБЛО ПИКАССО
Пабло Пикассо был одним из величайших художников 20lh века. Он экспериментировал в самых разных стилях и изменил мир искусства во время своего пребывания.
Пабло Пикассо родился в Малаге, Испания в 1881. Его отец был учителем рисования. В 10 лет Пабло стал учеником своего отца, и в возрасте 13 лет он провел свою первую выставку. Его семья переехала в Барселону в 1895 году, где Пабло присоединился к Академии художеств. В ранний период молодой художник рисовал жизнь, как он видел его вокруг него - в кафе и на улицах. Потом они переехали в Париж, центр искусства и литературы.
В 1901 году близкий друг Пикассо застрелился. Это оказало большое влияние на Пабло. Он был очень грустный и начал рисовать свои картины в серых и голубых тонах, а не яркие, насыщенные цвета. . Эта часть его карьеры называют его голубой период (1901-1904)
Позже он изменил свой ​​стиль картины и начал использовать больше земных цветов - розы, розового или коричневого цвета. Он любил писать картины жизни цирка с участием танцоров и акробатов. В этот период Роза просуществовала до 1907 г.
Когда Пикассо начал работать со своим другом и товарищем художника Жоржа Брака в Париже они начали экспериментировать с новым стилем, который был назван кубизм. Пикассо и Брака не хотел, чтобы показать природу, как это было на самом деле. Они думали, что все объекты в природе имели геометрические формы. В кубизма, объекты были разрезаны на многие плоские формы, которые выглядели, как головоломка. Все стороны лица человека, например, были показаны сразу, может быть, даже с тремя глазами вместо двух.
В 1936 году началась гражданская война в Испании. В этот период он написал свой ​​шедевр Герника. Он показывает испуганных людей древнего испанского города, который подвергся бомбардировке во время гражданской войны. Пикассо был шокирован этим бесчеловечным актом и в своей живописи он показывает людей, работающих на улицах и кричащих с ртами открытыми. Чтобы показать свою печаль и гнев он использовал только черный и белый, а также оттенки серого.
Он продолжил свою работу вплоть до его смерти в 1973 г. За большой фантазией и мастерством он называется "Эль Маэстро" современного искусства.
2. Самая известная картина Пикассо Герника. Прочитайте вслух отрывок о нем.
3. Где Пикассо научиться рисовать?
4. Пикассо работал в разных стилях. Какие стили упомянуты в статье? Каковы их характерные особенности?

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Результаты (русский ) 3:

пабло пикассопабло пикассо был одним из величайших художников из 20lh века.он экспериментировал в разных стилях и изменил мир искусства в свое время.пабло пикассо, родился в малаге, испания в 1881 г.его отец был учителем рисования.в 10 пабло стал его отец ученика, а в 13 лет он провел свою первую выставку.его семья переехала в барселоне в 1895 года, когда пабло присоединился к художественной академии.в его начале периода молодой художник рисовал жизнь, как он видел вокруг - в кафе и на улицах.затем они переехали в париж, центр искусства и литературы.в 1901 году близким другом пикассо застрелился.это было большое влияние на пабло.он был очень грустным и начала рисовать картины в серых и синие тона, вместо того чтобы яркие, яркие цвета.в этой части его карьеры называется его голубой период (1901 - 1904).позже он изменил его стилю живописи и начали использовать более земле цветов - роза, роза или коричневый.он любил рисовать картинки цирковой жизни с танцоры и акробаты.это роза период продолжался до 1907 года.когда пикассо начал работать с его друг и товарищ художник жорж брак в париже, они начали экспериментировать с новый стиль, который назывался кубизм.пикассо, брак, не хочу показать характер, как это было.они думали, что все объекты в природе не геометрических форм.в кубизм, объекты были сокращены на многие квартиры фигуры, которая выглядит как головоломка.все стороны, лица, например, были показаны сразу, может быть, даже с тремя глазами, вместо двух.в 1936 году вспыхнула гражданская война в испании.в этот период он написал свой шедевр герника.он показывает испуганных людей древнего испанского города, которые разбомбили во время гражданской войны.пикассо был потрясен этот бесчеловечный акт, и в его живописи он показывает людей работает на улице, и кричит в рот нараспашку.для показа его скорби и гнева, он использовал только черное и белое, а также оттенки серого.он продолжал работать вплоть до своей смерти в 1973 году.за его большой фантазией и мастерством, он называется "эль - маэстро" современного искусства.2.самые известные картины пикассо - герника.читать вслух отрывок про это.3.куда пикассо научиться рисовать?4.пикассо, работал в разных стилях.и стили, упомянутых в статье?каковы их типичных характеристик?

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ВЫДАЮЩИЕСЯ ЛЮДИ

PABLO PICASSO

No painter before him had a mass audience in his own lifetime. The total public for Titian in the 16th century or Velazquez in the 17th century was probably no more than a few thousand people-though that included most of the crowned heads, nobility and intelligentsia of Europe. Picasso"s audience - meaning people, who had heard of him and seen his work, at least in reproductions - was in tens, possibly hundreds of millions. He and his works were the subject of constant analysis, gossips, adoration or rumour.

Pablo Picasso was born in Spain in 1881 and lived for 91 years. For most of his life he lived in Paris, France.

When Picasso was a child, pictures by Vincent Van Gogh and Paul Cezanne were the modern masterpieces. With Picasso"s fantastic imagination he took those ideas even further. He started to paint what he knew about object or person. Anything solid was broken down into flattened, cut out «pieces». The pieces were shaped like patterns, or cubes, so the new style was called «Cubism». When cubism appeared first some critics said it was a complete disaster. So, this style was Picasso"s first gift to the art world. Picasso kept developing new styles, constantly switching between them. He painted and sculptured in any way he wanted.

Some of the greatest modern painters - Kandinsky, for instance, or Mondrian - saw his work as an instrument of evolution and human development. The idea that he had any kind of historical mission struck Picasso, and he always said that all he had ever made was made for the present and in the hope that it would remain in the present. It is interesting that he also stood against the Expressionist belief that the work of art must disclose the truth and the inner being of its author.

In his work everything is based on sensation and desire. He could make people feel the weight of forms and the tension of their relationships mainly by drawing the total structure.

Unlike many other artists Picasso wasn"t poor. He had been successful nearly all his life and had plenty of money. He lived in elegant flat in a fashionable Paris street.

Picasso constantly tried out new forms of art and invented a new style, which, strangely, remained a secret for most of his life - his sculptures. He loved animals and built sculptures of them from materials he found just lying around.

1. When was born Picasso?

2. Where did he live?

3. What is the style of Picasso"s paintings?

4. What is the main feature of his works?

VOCABULARY

nobility - дворянство, благородство

adoration - восхищение, поклонение

rumour - молва, слухи

masterpieces - шедевры

solid - твердый, сплошной

flattened - плоский

ПАБЛО ПИКАССО

У одного художника до него не было такого количества поклонников за его жизнь. Поклонников Тициана в XVI веке и Веласкеса в XVII веке было не более нескольких тысяч человек - в основном это были коронованные особы, дворянство и интеллигенция Европы. Аудитория Пикассо, включая и тех, кто слышал о нем и видел его картины, хотя бы в репродукциях, - составляет десятки, сотни миллионов. Сам Пикассо и его работы были предметом постоянного анализа, сплетен, поклонения или слухов.

Пабло Пикассо родился в Испании в 1881 г. и прожил 91 год. Большую часть своей жизни он провел в Париже, во Франции.

Когда Пикассо был ребенком, картины Винсента Ван Гога и Поля Сезанна были современными шедеврами. Фантастическое воображение Пикассо подхватили эти идеи и начали развивать их дальше. Он начал рисовать то, что знал о предмете или человеке. Все большое разбивалось на отдельные плоские кусочки. И эти кусочки изображались в форме куба, таким образом, новый стиль был назван кубизмом. Когда кубизм впервые появился, критики говорили, что это просто катастрофа. Этот стиль был подарком Пикассо миру искусства. Пикассо продолжал развивать новые направления, постоянно их сочетая. Он рисовал картины и лепил скульптуры так, как ему хотелось.

Некоторые великие художники, например Кандинский или Мондриан, рассматривали его работы как инструмент эволюции и человеческого развития. Идея того, что он был причастен к какой-либо исторической миссии, поражала Пикассо, и он всегда говорил, что все то, что он делал, принадлежит настоящему, в надежде на то, что оно в настоящем и останется. Интересно и то, что он всегда был против мнения экспрессионистов о том, что искусство должно раскрывать правду и внутренний мир автора.

В его работе все основывается на чувственности и желании. Он мог заставить человека чувствовать форму и взаимосвязь путем изображения общей структуры.

В отличие от других художников Пикассо не был бедным. Он всю свою жизнь был счастлив и имел много денег. У него была изысканная квартира на фешенебельной улице Парижа.

Пикассо постоянно пробовал новые формы искусства и придумал новый стиль, который, что странно, оставался в секрете в течение всей его жизни - его скульптуры. Он любил животных и лепил их скульптуры из материала, что находил под рукой.

Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest artists of the 20th century. He experimented in many different styles and changed the world of art during his time.

Early life

Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain in 1881. His father was a drawing teacher. At 10 Pablo became his father’s pupil and at the age of 13 he held his first exhibition.

His family moved to Barcelona in 1895 where Pablo joined an art academy. In his early period the young artist painted life as he observed it around him – in cafes and on the streets. As a young man he took interest in masterpieces of famous artists like El Greco and de Goya.

At the turn of the century, Picasso went to Paris, which was, at that time, the centre of art and literature.

Blue and Rose period

In 1901 a close friend of Picasso shot himself. This had a great impact on Pablo. He was very sad and began painting his pictures in grey and blue tones instead of bright, vivid colours. This part of his career is called his Blue Period.

Later on, he changed his painting style and started using more earth colours – rose, pink or brown. He liked to paint pictures of circus life with dancers and acrobats. This rose period lasted until 1907.

When Picasso started working with his friend and fellow painter Georges Braque in Paris they started experimenting with a new style that was called cubism.

Picasso and Braque didn’t want to show nature as it really was. They thought that all objects in nature had geometric forms. In cubism, objects were cut into many flat shapes, which looked like a puzzle. All the sides of a person’s face, for example, were shown at once, maybe even with three eyes instead of two. Cubist painters wanted to show all parts of an object from one angle.

Picasso and Braque also experimented with other materials, like cloth and newspaper clippings, which they glued onto the canvas. This technique became later known as collage.

Classicism

In 1917 Picasso went to Rome to design costumes and scenery for a Russian ballet company. During this period he fell back to classical forms and painting techniques but never gave up experimenting with cubism.

Civil War

In 1936 Civil War broke out in Spain. During this period he painted his masterpiece Guernica. It shows the terrified people of the ancient Spanish town which was bombed during the Civil War. Picasso was shocked by this inhuman act and in his painting he shows people running in the streets and screaming with their mouths wide open. To display his sadness and anger he used only black and white as well as shades of grey.

During World War II Picasso lived in Paris which, at that time, was under Nazi occupation. The Nazis didn’t like his modern paintings and Picasso had to hide them in a secret vault in the Bank of France.

Later life

After the war Picasso moved to a big house in the southern part of France. There, he continued experimenting with paintings and sculptures.

He continued his work up to his death in 1973. Picasso was known as a very moody person and he also displayed this in his paintings. Sometimes he was thoughtful, even sad, and at other times he could be very humorous. Picasso was never satisfied with his own work and he never stopped experimenting. For his great imagination and skill he is called “El Maestro” of modern art.

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Pablo Picasso Essay, Research Paper

Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter and sculptor, generally considered the greatest artist of the 20th century. He was unique as an inventor of forms, as an innovator of styles and techniques, as a master of various media, and as one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20,000 works of art.

Born in M laga on October 25, 1881, Picasso was the son of Jos Ruiz Blasco, an art teacher, and Mar a Picasso y Lopez. Until 1898 he always used his father’s name, Ruiz, and his mother’s maiden name, Picasso, to sign his pictures. After about 1901 he dropped Ruiz and used his mother’s maiden name to sign his pictures. Picasso’s genius manifested itself early: at the age of 10 he made his first paintings, and at 15 he performed brilliantly on the entrance examinations to Barcelona’s School of Fine Arts. His large academic canvas Science and Charity (1897, Picasso Museum, Barcelona), depicting a doctor, a nun, and a child at a sick woman’s bedside, won a gold medal.

Between 1900 and 1902, Picasso made three trips to Paris, finally settling there in 1904. He found the city’s bohemian street life fascinating, and his pictures of people in dance halls and caf s show how he assimilated the postimpressionism of the French painter Paul Gauguin and the symbolist painters called the Nabis. The themes of the French painters Edgar Degas and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, as well as the style of the latter, exerted the strongest influence. Picasso’s Blue Room (1901, Phillips Collection, Washington, D.C.) reflects the work of both these painters and, at the same time, shows his evolution toward the Blue Period, so called because various shades of blue dominated his work for the next few years. Expressing human misery, the paintings portray blind figures, beggars, alcoholics, and prostitutes, their somewhat elongated bodies reminiscent of works by the Spanish artist El Greco.

Shortly after settling in Paris in a shabby building known as the Bateau-Lavoir (laundry barge, which it resembled), Picasso met Fernande Olivier, the first of many companions to influence the theme, style, and mood of his work. With this happy relationship, Picasso changed his palette to pinks and reds; the years 1904 and 1905 are thus called the Rose Period. Many of his subjects were drawn from the circus, which he visited several times a week; one such painting is Family of Saltimbanques (1905, National Gallery, Washington, D.C.). In the figure of the harlequin, Picasso represented his alter ego, a practice he repeated in later works as well. Dating from his first decade in Paris are friendships with the poet Max Jacob, the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, the art dealers Ambroise Vollard and Daniel Henry Kahnweiler, and the American expatriate writers Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo, who were his first important patrons; Picasso did portraits of them all.

In the summer of 1906, during Picasso’s stay in G sol, Spain, his work entered a new phase, marked by the influence of Greek, Iberian, and African art. His celebrated portrait of Gertrude Stein (1906, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City) reveals a masklike treatment of her face. The key work of this early period, however, is Les demoiselles d’Avignon (1907, Museum of Modern Art, New York City), so radical in style its picture surface resembling fractured glass that it was not even understood by contemporary avant-garde painters and critics. Destroyed were spatial depth and the ideal form of the female nude, which Picasso restructured into harsh, angular planes.

Inspired by the volumetric treatment of form by the French postimpressionist artist Paul C zanne, Picasso and the French artist Georges Braque painted landscapes in 1908 in a style later described by a critic as being made of little cubes, thus leading to the term cubism. Some of their paintings are so similar that it is difficult to tell them apart. Working together between 1908 and 1911, they were concerned with breaking down and analyzing form, and together they developed the first phase of cubism, known as analytic cubism. Monochromatic color schemes were favored in their depictions of radically fragmented motifs, whose several sides were shown simultaneously. Picasso’s favorite subjects were musical instruments, still-life objects, and his friends; one famous portrait is Daniel Henry Kahnweiler (1910, Art Institute of Chicago). In 1912, pasting paper and a piece of oilcloth to the canvas and combining these with painted areas, Picasso created his first collage, Still Life with Chair Caning (Mus e Picasso, Paris). This technique marked a transition to synthetic cubism. This second phase of cubism is more decorative, and color plays a major role, although shapes remain fragmented and flat. Picasso was to practice synthetic cubism throughout his career, but by no means exclusively. Two works of 1915 demonstrate his simultaneous work in different styles: Harlequin (Museum of Modern Art) is a synthetic cubist painting, whereas a drawing of his dealer, Vollard, now in the Metropolitan Museum, is executed in his Ingresque style, so called because of its draftsmanship, emulating that of the 19th-century French neoclassical artist Jean-August-Dominique Ingres.

Picasso created cubist sculptures as well as paintings. The bronze bust Fernande Olivier (also called Head of a Woman, 1909, Museum of Modern Art) shows his consummate skill in handling three-dimensional form. He also made constructions such as Mandolin and Clarinet (1914, Mus e Picasso) from odds and ends of wood, metal, paper, and nonartistic materials, in which he explored the spatial hypotheses of cubist painting. His Glass of Absinthe (1914, Museum of Modern Art), combining a silver sugar strainer with a painted bronze sculpture, anticipates his much later found object creations, such as Baboon and Young (1951, Museum of Modern Art), as well as pop art objects of the 1960s.

During World War I (1914-1918), Picasso went to Rome, working as a designer with Sergey Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. He met and married the dancer Olga Koklova. In a realist style, Picasso made several portraits of her around 1917, of their son (for example, Paulo as Harlequin;1924, Mus e Picasso), and of numerous friends. In the early 1920s he did tranquil, neoclassical pictures of heavy, sculpturesque figures, an example being Three Women at the Spring (1921, Museum of Modern Art), and works inspired by mythology, such as The Pipes of Pan (1923, Mus e Picasso). At the same time, Picasso also created strange pictures of small-headed bathers and violent convulsive portraits of women which are often taken to indicate the tension he experienced in his marriage. Although he stated he was not a surrealist, many of his pictures have a surreal and disturbing quality, as in Sleeping Woman in Armchair (1927, Private Collection, Brussels) and Seated Bather (1930, Museum of Modern Art).

Several cubist paintings of the early 1930s, stressing harmonious, curvilinear lines and expressing an underlying eroticism, reflect Picasso’s pleasure with his newest love, Marie Th r se Walter, who gave birth to their daughter Ma a in 1935. Marie Th r se, frequently portrayed sleeping, also was the model for the famous Girl Before a Mirror (1932, Museum of Modern Art). In 1935 Picasso made the etching Minotauromachy, a major work combining his minotaur and bullfight themes; in it the disemboweled horse, as well as the bull, prefigure the imagery of Guernica, a mural often called the most important single work of the 20th century.

Picasso was moved to paint the huge mural Guernica shortly after German planes, acting on orders from Spain’s authoritarian leader Francisco Franco, bombarded the Basque town of Guernica on April 26, 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. Completed in less than two months, Guernica was hung in the Spanish Pavilion of the Paris International Exposition of 1937. The painting does not portray the event; rather, Picasso expressed his outrage by employing such imagery as the bull, the dying horse, a fallen warrior, a mother and dead child, a woman trapped in a burning building, another rushing into the scene, and a figure leaning from a window and holding out a lamp. Despite the complexity of its symbolism, and the impossibility of definitive interpretation, Guernica makes an overwhelming impact in its portrayal of the horrors of war. It was on extended loan at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art from 1939 until 1981, when it was returned to Spain at Madrid’s Prado Museum. In 1992 the work was moved to the city’s new museum of 20th-century art, the Centro de Arte Reina Sof a. Dora Maar, Picasso’s next companion to be portrayed, took photographs of Guernica while the work was in progress.

Picasso’s palette grew somber with the onset of World War II (1939-1945), and death is the subject of numerous works, such as Still Life with Steer’s Skull (1942, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, D sseldorf, Germany) and The Charnel House (1945, Museum of Modern Art). He formed a new liaison during the 1940s with the painter Fran oise Gilot who bore him two children, Claude and Paloma; they appear in many works that recapitulate his earlier styles. The last of Picasso’s companions to be portrayed was Jacqueline Roque, whom he met in 1953 and married in 1961. He then spent much of his time in southern France.

Many of Picasso’s later pictures were based on works by great masters of the past Diego Vel zquez, Gustave Courbet, Eug ne Delacroix, and +douard Manet. In addition to painting, Picasso worked in various media, making hundreds of lithographs in the renowned Paris graphics workshop, Atelier Mourlot. Ceramics also engaged his interest, and in 1947, in Vallauris, he produced nearly 2000 pieces. Picasso made important sculptures during this time: Man with Sheep (1944, Philadelphia Museum of Art), an over-life-size bronze, emanates peace and hope, and She-Goat (1950, Museum of Modern Art), a bronze cast from an assemblage of flowerpots, a wicker basket, and other diverse materials, is humorously charming. In 1964 Picasso completed a welded steel maquette (model) for the 18.3-m (60-ft) sculpture Head of a Woman (unveiled in 1967), for Chicago’s Civic Center. In 1968, during a seven-month period, he created an amazing series of 347 engravings, restating earlier themes: the circus, the bullfight, the theater, and lovemaking.

Throughout Picasso’s lifetime, his work was exhibited on countless occasions. A 1971 exhibition at the Louvre, in Paris, honored him on his 90th birthday. In 1980 a major retrospective showing of his work was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Picasso died in his villa Notre-Dame-de-Vie near Mougins on April 8, 1973.